Firm Update No. 2026-18本所动态 2026-18 号
A Commercial Foreclosure After Judgment and a Bankruptcy Filed in the Wrong Name: Pausing the Sale and Converting the Case判决后的商业止赎与以错误名义申请的破产：暂停拍卖并转换破产案件
- Practice领域
- Bankruptcy破产法
- Jurisdiction管辖
- Supreme Court, Richmond County; U.S. Bankruptcy Court, E.D.N.Y.纽约州最高法院列治文县分院；美国纽约东区联邦破产法院
- Our role本所角色
- Counsel to the borrower company and guarantor (foreclosure); Chapter 11 counsel to the debtor (May to August 2026)借款公司及担保人律师（止赎案）；第十一章债务人律师（2026年5月至8月）
- Status进展
- Sale cancelled and foreclosure paused; Chapter 11 converted on the firm’s motion, Aug. 12, 2026拍卖取消，止赎程序暂停；依本所动议于2026年8月12日转换第十一章案件
IFacts事实
A lender made a commercial loan to a small real estate company, secured by a mortgage on the company's building and personally guaranteed by its owner. After a payment default the lender sued to foreclose and for a deficiency against the guarantor. Neither defendant answered. The court granted a default judgment and order of reference in July 2025 and a judgment of foreclosure and sale in February 2026, and the sale was noticed for April 2026. Days before the auction the owner filed a Chapter 11 petition on her own, in her individual name, although the building belonged to the company. The firm was retained in May 2026 for both the foreclosure and the bankruptcy.一家贷款机构向一家小型房地产公司发放商业贷款，以公司名下楼宇作抵押，并由公司业主提供个人担保。借款违约后，贷款方提起止赎诉讼，并向担保人追索差额。两名被告均未答辩。法院于2025年7月作出缺席判决及指定裁判官的裁定，于2026年2月作出止赎及拍卖判决，拍卖定于2026年4月。拍卖前数日，业主自行以个人名义申请第十一章破产，但楼宇属于公司所有。本所于2026年5月受托处理止赎及破产两案。
IIFilings, Hearings and Decisions程序经过
Foreclosure (Supreme Court). The scheduled sale was cancelled after the bankruptcy filing. The firm appeared for the company and the guarantor on May 8, 2026 and dealt with the lender's counsel. No new sale has been noticed, and the foreclosure remains in the court's status-conference calendar.止赎案（州最高法院）。破产申请后，原定拍卖被取消。本所于2026年5月8日代表公司及担保人出庭应诉，并与贷款方律师交涉。此后未再发出新的拍卖通知，止赎案仍在法院的状况会议日程中。
Chapter 11 (Bankruptcy Court). The firm appeared for the debtor, and the court approved its retention as Chapter 11 counsel effective from May 8, 2026. Over the following months the firm worked with the United States Trustee and the lender's counsel on how the case should proceed. On July 9, 2026 it moved to convert the case from Chapter 11 to Chapter 7 under 11 U.S.C. § 1112(a).第十一章破产（破产法院）。本所代表债务人出庭，法院批准本所自2026年5月8日起担任第十一章律师。其后数月，本所就案件走向与联邦破产托管人及贷款方律师多次沟通。2026年7月9日，本所依《破产法》第1112(a)条申请将案件由第十一章转为第七章。
Hearing (August 12, 2026). The court granted the motion to convert, and on the same day granted the firm's motion to be relieved as counsel. The case then continued under the debtor's new counsel.听证（2026年8月12日）。法院批准转换动议，并于同日批准本所解除代理的动议。案件此后由债务人的新律师继续处理。
IIIQuestions Presented争议问题
(1) When a building is owned by a company but the bankruptcy is filed by its owner as an individual, does the automatic stay protect the building? (2) What does the single-asset real estate deadline require of a debtor whose only significant asset is one building? (3) Which chapter of the Bankruptcy Code fits a debtor in this position, and when may a Chapter 11 debtor convert? (4) Do the home-loan protections in New York foreclosure law apply to a commercial loan, and what is the guarantor's exposure to a deficiency?（1）楼宇属公司所有、而由业主以个人名义申请破产时，自动中止是否保护该楼宇？（2）单一资产房地产期限对唯一重要资产为一栋楼宇的债务人有何要求？（3）此类债务人适用《破产法》哪一章，第十一章债务人何时可转换？（4）纽约止赎法中的住宅贷款保护是否适用于商业贷款，担保人的差额责任如何？
IVRelevant Law相关法律
11 U.S.C. §§ 109(e), 362(a), (d)(3), 541(a), 1112(a): Chapter 13 eligibility; automatic stay; single asset real estate; property of the estate; conversion as of right11 U.S.C. §§ 109(e), 362(a), (d)(3), 541(a), 1112(a)：第13章资格；自动中止；单一资产不动产；破产财团财产；当然转换权
RPAPL §§ 1304, 1306, 1351, 1371: 90-day pre-foreclosure notice; home loan; judgment of foreclosure and sale; deficiency judgment; guarantor liabilityRPAPL §§ 1304, 1306, 1351, 1371：90日止赎前通知；住宅贷款；止赎及拍卖判决；不足额判决；保证人责任
CPLR 3408: mandatory settlement conference; home loan; residential foreclosureCPLR 3408：强制和解会议；住宅贷款；住宅止赎
CPLR 321(b): change of attorney; consent to substitution; withdrawal of counselCPLR 321(b)：更换律师；同意替换；律师退出
VLegal Issues and Results法律问题及结果
The scheduled foreclosure sale did not go forward, and no new sale has been noticed. The mismatch between the debtor named in the petition and the owner of the property, the single-asset real estate deadline, and the choice of chapter were each addressed in the bankruptcy, and the court granted the firm's motion to convert. The application of the home-loan protections and the guarantor's deficiency exposure remain issues in the foreclosure.原定止赎拍卖未予进行，此后亦未发出新的拍卖通知。破产申请中债务人与财产所有人不一致、单一资产房地产期限及适用章节等问题均已在破产程序中处理，法院批准了本所的转换动议。住宅贷款保护的适用及担保人的差额责任，仍为止赎案中的问题。
Client details are withheld to protect confidentiality. Prior results do not guarantee a similar outcome.为保护客户隐私，相关信息已隐去。过往结果不保证类似案件的结果。